Research Interest:
Deciphering the role of Pim protein kinase in prostate cancer and leukemia; phosphorylation and degradation of this protein are potential targets for anti-cancer development
Honors: Distinguished University Professor, Medical University of South Carolina
Positions: Director and William H. Folk, MD Chair in Experimental Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina
Selected Publications:
| 1. | An N, Lin YW, Mahajan S, Kellner JN, Wang Y, Li Z, Kraft AS, Kang Y. Pim1 serine/threonine Kinase Regulates the Number and Functions of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells. ., 2013.
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| | 2. | Schwartz GK, Tap WD, Qin LX, Livingston MB, Undevia SD, Chmielowski B, Agulnik M, Schuetze SM, Reed DR, Okuno SH, Ludwig JA, Keedy V, Rietschel P, Kraft AS, Adkins D, Van Tine BA, Brockstein B, Yim V, Bitas C, Abdullah A, Antonescu CR, Condy M, Dickson MA, Vasudeva SD, Ho AL, Doyle LA, Chen HX, Maki RG. Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. .14(4):371-82, 2013.
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| | 3. | An N, Kraft AS, Kang Y. Abnormal hematopoietic phenotypes in Pim kinase triple knockout mice: Pim kinase regulates hematopoiesis. J Hematol Oncol. .6(1):12, 2013.
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| | 4. | Cai H, Memarzadeh S, Stoyanova T, Beharry Z, Kraft AS, Witte ON. Collaboration of Kras and androgen receptor signaling stimulates EZH2 expression and tumor-propagating cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. .72(18):4672-81, 2012. PMCID: PMC3445707
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| | 5. | Yoshimi M, Goyama S, Kawazu M, Nakagawa M, Ichikawa M, Imai Y, Kumano K, Asai T, Mulloy JC, Kraft AS, Takahashi T, Shirafuji N, Kurokawa M. Multiple phosphorylation sites are important for RUNX1 activity in early hematopoiesis and T-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol. .42(4):1044-50, 2012.
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| | 6. | Song JH, Kraft AS. Pim kinase inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to apoptosis triggered by Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-737. Cancer Res. .72(1):294-303, 2011. PMCID: PMC3251634
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| | 7. | Kraft AS, Garrett-Mayer E, Wahlquist AE, Golshayan A, Chen CS, Butler W, Bearden J, Lilly M. Combination therapy of recurrent prostate cancer with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib plus hormone blockade. Cancer Biol Ther. .12(2):119-24, 2011.
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| | 8. | Beharry Z, Mahajan S, Zemskova M, Lin YW, Tholanikunnel BG, Xia Z, Smith CD, Kraft AS. The Pim protein kinases regulate energy metabolism and cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .108(2):528-33, 2010. PMCID: PMC3021022
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| | 9. | Song JH, Kandasamy K, Zemskova M, Lin YW, Kraft AS. The BH3 mimetic ABT-737 induces cancer cell senescence. Cancer Res. .71(2):506-15, 2010. PMCID: PMC3459262
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| | 10. | Cen B, Mahajan S, Zemskova M, Beharry Z, Lin YW, Cramer SD, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. Regulation of Skp2 levels by the Pim-1 protein kinase. J Biol Chem. .285(38):29128-37, 2010. PMCID: PMC2937943
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| | 11. | Zemskova M, Lilly MB, Lin YW, Song JH, Kraft AS. p53-dependent induction of prostate cancer cell senescence by the PIM1 protein kinase. Mol Cancer Res. .8(8):1126-41, 2010. PMCID: PMC3407470
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| | 12. | Lin YW, Beharry ZM, Hill EG, Song JH, Wang W, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Aplan PD, Aster JC, Smith CD, Kraft AS. A small molecule inhibitor of Pim protein kinases blocks the growth of precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. .115(4):824-33, 2009. PMCID: PMC2941996
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| | 13. | Beharry Z, Zemskova M, Mahajan S, Zhang F, Ma J, Xia Z, Lilly M, Smith CD, Kraft AS. Novel benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-diones inhibit Pim protein kinase activity and induce cell cycle arrest in leukemia and prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. .8(6):1473-83, 2009. PMCID: PMC3415237
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| | 14. | Zhang F, Beharry ZM, Harris TE, Lilly MB, Smith CD, Mahajan S, Kraft AS. PIM1 protein kinase regulates PRAS40 phosphorylation and mTOR activity in FDCP1 cells. Cancer Biol Ther. .8(9):846-53, 2009.
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| | 15. | Maki RG, D'Adamo DR, Keohan ML, Saulle M, Schuetze SM, Undevia SD, Livingston MB, Cooney MM, Hensley ML, Mita MM, Takimoto CH, Kraft AS, Elias AD, Brockstein B, Blachère NE, Edgar MA, Schwartz LH, Qin LX, Antonescu CR, Schwartz GK. Phase II study of sorafenib in patients with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas. J Clin Oncol. .27(19):3133-40, 2009. PMCID: PMC2716936
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| | 16. | Xia Z, Knaak C, Ma J, Beharry ZM, McInnes C, Wang W, Kraft AS, Smith CD. Synthesis and evaluation of novel inhibitors of Pim-1 and Pim-2 protein kinases. J Med Chem. .52(1):74-86, 2009.
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| | 17. | Song JH, Kandasamy K, Kraft AS. ABT-737 induces expression of the death receptor 5 and sensitizes human cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. .283(36):25003-13, 2008. PMCID: PMC2529128
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| | 18. | Mahajan S, Dammai V, Hsu T, Kraft AS. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha regulates the expression of TRAIL receptor DR5 in renal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. .29(9):1734-41, 2008. PMCID: PMC2527645
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| | 19. | Kandasamy K, Kraft AS. Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 (VELCADE) induces stabilization of the TRAIL receptor DR5 mRNA through the 3'-untranslated region. Mol Cancer Ther. .7(5):1091-100, 2008.
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| | 20. | Beldner MA, Sherman CA, Green MR, Garrett-Mayer E, Chaudhary U, Meyer ML, Kraft AS, Montero AJ. Phase I dose escalation study of vinorelbine and topotecan combination chemotherapy in patients with recurrent lung cancer. BMC Cancer. .7:231, 2007. PMCID: PMC2241632
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| | 21. | Hayslip J, Chaudhary U, Green M, Meyer M, Dunder S, Sherman C, Salzer S, Kraft A, Montero AJ. Bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I trial. BMC Cancer. .7:221, 2007. PMCID: PMC2234426
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| | 22. | Xiong X, Sui M, Fan W, Kraft AS. Cell cycle dependent antagonistic interactions between paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. .6(7):1067-73, 2007.
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| | 23. | Skorupa A, Beldner M, Kraft A, Montero AJ. Fatal rhabdomyolysis as a complication of ET-743 (Yondelis) chemotherapy for sarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther. .6(7):1015-7, 2007.
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| | 24. | Ma J, Arnold HK, Lilly MB, Sears RC, Kraft AS. Negative regulation of Pim-1 protein kinase levels by the B56beta subunit of PP2A. Oncogene. .26(35):5145-53, 2007.
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| | 25. | Wang S, Zhang Y, Soosairajah J, Kraft AS. Regulation of RUNX1/AML1 during the G2/M transition. Leuk Res. .31(6):839-51, 2006.
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| | 26. | Sui M, Xiong X, Kraft AS, Fan W. Combination of gemcitabine antagonizes antitumor activity of paclitaxel through prevention of mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. .5(8):1015-21, 2006.
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| | 27. | Biggs JR, Peterson LF, Zhang Y, Kraft AS, Zhang DE. AML1/RUNX1 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases regulates the degradation of AML1/RUNX1 by the anaphase-promoting complex. Mol Cell Biol. .26(20):7420-9, 2006. PMCID: PMC1636878
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| | 28. | Chen WW, Chan DC, Donald C, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. Pim family kinases enhance tumor growth of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res. .3(8):443-51, 2005.
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| | 29. | Biggs JR, Zhang Y, Peterson LF, Garcia M, Zhang DE, Kraft AS. Phosphorylation of AML1/RUNX1 regulates its degradation and nuclear matrix association. Mol Cancer Res. .3(7):391-401, 2005.
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| | 30. | Maki RG, Kraft AS, Scheu K, Yamada J, Wadler S, Antonescu CR, Wright JJ, Schwartz GK. A multicenter Phase II study of bortezomib in recurrent or metastatic sarcomas. Cancer. .103(7):1431-8, 2005.
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| | 31. | Nikrad M, Johnson T, Puthalalath H, Coultas L, Adams J, Kraft AS. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib sensitizes cells to killing by death receptor ligand TRAIL via BH3-only proteins Bik and Bim. Mol Cancer Ther. .4(3):443-9, 2005.
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| | 32. | Wang Y, Quon KC, Knee DA, Nesterov A, Kraft AS. RAS, MYC, and sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. .65(4):1615-6; author reply 1616-7, 2005.
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| | 33. | Zhang Y, Biggs JR, Kraft AS. Phorbol ester treatment of K562 cells regulates the transcriptional activity of AML1c through phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. .279(51):53116-25, 2004.
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| | 34. | Nesterov A, Nikrad M, Johnson T, Kraft AS. Oncogenic Ras sensitizes normal human cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. .64(11):3922-7, 2004.
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| | 35. | von Mehren M, Balcerzak SP, Kraft AS, Edmonson JH, Okuno SH, Davey M, McLaughlin S, Beard MT, Rogatko A. Phase II Trial of Dolastatin-10, a Novel Anti-Tubulin Agent, in Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Sarcoma. .8(4):107-11, 2004. PMCID: PMC2395616
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| | 36. | Roh M, Gary B, Song C, Said-Al-Naief N, Tousson A, Kraft A, Eltoum IE, Abdulkadir SA. Overexpression of the oncogenic kinase Pim-1 leads to genomic instability. Cancer Res. .63(23):8079-84, 2003.
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| | 37. | Yan B, Zemskova M, Holder S, Chin V, Kraft A, Koskinen PJ, Lilly M. The PIM-2 kinase phosphorylates BAD on serine 112 and reverses BAD-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. .278(46):45358-67, 2003.
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| | 38. | Johnson TR, Stone K, Nikrad M, Yeh T, Zong WX, Thompson CB, Nesterov A, Kraft AS. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 overcomes TRAIL resistance in Bax and caspase 9-negative or Bcl-xL overexpressing cells. Oncogene. .22(32):4953-63, 2003.
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| | 39. | Ionov Y, Le X, Tunquist BJ, Sweetenham J, Sachs T, Ryder J, Johnson T, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. Pim-1 protein kinase is nuclear in Burkitt's lymphoma: nuclear localization is necessary for its biologic effects. Anticancer Res. .23(1A):167-78, 2003.
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| | 40. | Nesterov A, Ivashchenko Y, Kraft AS. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis in normal prostate epithelial cells. Oncogene. .21(7):1135-40, 2002.
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| | 41. | Matsuguchi T, Musikacharoen T, Johnson TR, Kraft AS, Yoshikai Y. A novel mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is an important negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in mouse macrophage cell lines. Mol Cell Biol. .21(20):6999-7009, 2001. PMCID: PMC99875
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| | 42. | Biggs JR, Yang J, Gullberg U, Muchardt C, Yaniv M, Kraft AS. The human brm protein is cleaved during apoptosis: the role of cathepsin G. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .98(7):3814-9, 2001. PMCID: PMC31135
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| | 43. | Lilly MB, Zemskova M, Frankel AE, Salo J, Kraft AS. Distinct domains of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha subunit mediate activation of Jak/Stat signaling and differentiation. Blood. .97(6):1662-70, 2001.
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| | 44. | Nesterov A, Lu X, Johnson M, Miller GJ, Ivashchenko Y, Kraft AS. Elevated AKT activity protects the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. .276(14):10767-74, 2001.
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| | 45. | Vaishampayan U, Glode M, Du W, Kraft A, Hudes G, Wright J, Hussain M. Phase II study of dolastatin-10 in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. .6(11):4205-8, 2000.
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| | 46. | Johnson TR, Biggs JR, Winbourn SE, Kraft AS. Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters. Analysis of a delta-like domain. J Biol Chem. .275(41):31755-62, 2000.
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| | 47. | Biggs JR, Kraft AS. The role of the Smad3 protein in phorbol ester-induced promoter expression. J Biol Chem. .274(52):36987-94, 1999.
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| | 48. | Gonzalez R, Ebbinghaus S, Henthorn TK, Miller D, Kraft AS. Treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma with bryostatin-1--a phase II study. Melanoma Res. .9(6):599-606, 1999.
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| | 49. | Srikanth S, Franklin CC, Duke RC, Kraft RS. Human DU145 prostate cancer cells overexpressing mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 are resistant to Fas ligand-induced mitochondrial perturbations and cellular apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem. .199(1-2):169-78, 1999.
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| | 50. | Lilly M, Sandholm J, Cooper JJ, Koskinen PJ, Kraft A. The PIM-1 serine kinase prolongs survival and inhibits apoptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in part through a bcl-2-dependent pathway. Oncogene. .18(27):4022-31, 1999.
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| | 51. | Hedlund TE, Meech SJ, Srikanth S, Kraft AS, Miller GJ, Schaack JB, Duke RC. Adenovirus-mediated expression of Fas ligand induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Differ. .6(2):175-82, 1999.
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| | 52. | Matsuguchi T, Kraft AS. Regulation of myeloid cell growth by distinct effectors of Ras. Oncogene. .17(21):2701-9, 1998.
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| | 53. | Matsuguchi T, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. Cytoplasmic domains of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor beta chain (hbetac) responsible for human GM-CSF-induced myeloid cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. .273(31):19411-8, 1998.
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| | 54. | Turner T, Jackson WH, Pettit GR, Wells A, Kraft AS. Treatment of human prostate cancer cells with dolastatin 10, a peptide isolated from a marine shell-less mollusc. Prostate. .34(3):175-81, 1998.
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| | 55. | Srikanth S, Kraft AS. Inhibition of caspases by cytokine response modifier A blocks androgen ablation-mediated prostate cancer cell death in vivo. Cancer Res. .58(4):834-9, 1998.
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| | 56. | Lilly M, Kraft A. Enforced expression of the Mr 33,000 Pim-1 kinase enhances factor-independent survival and inhibits apoptosis in murine myeloid cells. Cancer Res. .57(23):5348-55, 1997.
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| | 57. | Asiedu C, Biggs J, Kraft AS. Complex regulation of CDK2 during phorbol ester-induced hematopoietic differentiation. Blood. .90(9):3430-7, 1997.
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| | 58. | Matsuguchi T, Zhao Y, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. The cytoplasmic domain of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha subunit is essential for both GM-CSF-mediated growth and differentiation. J Biol Chem. .272(28):17450-9, 1997.
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| | 59. | Franklin CC, Kraft AS. Conditional expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase MKP-1 preferentially inhibits p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase in U937 cells. J Biol Chem. .272(27):16917-23, 1997.
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| | 60. | Sakai I, Kraft AS. The kinase domain of Jak2 mediates induction of bcl-2 and delays cell death in hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem. .272(19):12350-8, 1997.
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| | 61. | Li X, Franklin CC, Kraft AS, Carter RH. Ligation of membrane IgM stimulates a novel c-Jun amino-terminal domain kinase activity in Daudi human B cells. Mol Immunol. .34(5):409-18, 1997.
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| | 62. | Zhang X, Zhang R, Zhao H, Cai H, Gush KA, Kerr RG, Pettit GR, Kraft AS. Preclinical pharmacology of the natural product anticancer agent bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase C. Cancer Res. .56(4):802-8, 1996.
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| | 63. | Biggs JR, Kudlow JE, Kraft AS. The role of the transcription factor Sp1 in regulating the expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene in U937 leukemic cells. J Biol Chem. .271(2):901-6, 1996.
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| | 64. | Franklin CC, Kraft AS. Constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MEK1) stimulates SAP kinase and c-Jun transcriptional activity in U937 human leukemic cells. Oncogene. .11(11):2365-74, 1995.
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| | 65. | Asiedu C, Biggs J, Lilly M, Kraft AS. Inhibition of leukemic cell growth by the protein kinase C activator bryostatin 1 correlates with the dephosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Cancer Res. .55(17):3716-20, 1995.
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| | 66. | Sakai I, Nabell L, Kraft AS. Signal transduction by a CD16/CD7/Jak2 fusion protein. J Biol Chem. .270(31):18420-7, 1995.
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| | 67. | Frank SJ, Yi W, Zhao Y, Goldsmith JF, Gilliland G, Jiang J, Sakai I, Kraft AS. Regions of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase required for coupling to the growth hormone receptor. J Biol Chem. .270(24):14776-85, 1995.
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| | 68. | Zhao Y, Wagner F, Frank SJ, Kraft AS. The amino-terminal portion of the JAK2 protein kinase is necessary for binding and phosphorylation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor beta c chain. J Biol Chem. .270(23):13814-8, 1995.
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| | 69. | Dai T, Rubie E, Franklin CC, Kraft A, Gillespie DA, Avruch J, Kyriakis JM, Woodgett JR. Stress-activated protein kinases bind directly to the delta domain of c-Jun in resting cells: implications for repression of c-Jun function. Oncogene. .10(5):849-55, 1995.
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| | 70. | Polotskaya A, Zhao Y, Lilly MB, Kraft AS. Mapping the intracytoplasmic regions of the alpha granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor necessary for cell growth regulation. J Biol Chem. .269(20):14607-13, 1994.
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| | 71. | Adler V, Unlap T, Kraft AS. A peptide encoding the c-Jun delta domain inhibits the activity of a c-jun amino-terminal protein kinase. J Biol Chem. .269(15):11186-91, 1994.
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| | 72. | Polotskaya A, Zhao Y, Lilly ML, Kraft AS. A critical role for the cytoplasmic domain of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor alpha receptor in mediating cell growth. Cell Growth Differ. .4(6):523-31, 1993.
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| | 73. | Pulverer BJ, Hughes K, Franklin CC, Kraft AS, Leevers SJ, Woodgett JR. Co-purification of mitogen-activated protein kinases with phorbol ester-induced c-Jun kinase activity in U937 leukaemic cells. Oncogene. .8(2):407-15, 1993.
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| | 74. | Adler V, Polotskaya A, Wagner F, Kraft AS. Affinity-purified c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinase requires serine/threonine phosphorylation for activity. J Biol Chem. .267(24):17001-5, 1992.
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| | 75. | Franklin CC, Sanchez V, Wagner F, Woodgett JR, Kraft AS. Phorbol ester-induced amino-terminal phosphorylation of human JUN but not JUNB regulates transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .89(15):7247-51, 1992. PMCID: PMC49683
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| | 76. | Adler V, Franklin CC, Kraft AS. Phorbol esters stimulate the phosphorylation of c-Jun but not v-Jun: regulation by the N-terminal delta domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .89(12):5341-5, 1992. PMCID: PMC49287
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| | 77. | Kraft AS, Adler V, Hall P, Pettit GR, Benjamin WH, Briles DE. In vivo administration of bryostatin 1, a protein kinase C activator, decreases murine resistance to Salmonella typhimurium. Cancer Res. .52(8):2143-7, 1992.
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| | 78. | Unlap T, Franklin CC, Wagner F, Kraft AS. Upstream regions of the c-jun promoter regulate phorbol ester-induced transcription in U937 leukemic cells. Nucleic Acids Res. .20(4):897-902, 1992. PMCID: PMC312034
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| | 79. | Lilly M, Brown C, Pettit G, Kraft A. Bryostatin 1: a potential anti-leukemic agent for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia. .5(4):283-7, 1991.
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| | 80. | Adunyah SE, Unlap TM, Wagner F, Kraft AS. Regulation of c-jun expression and AP-1 enhancer activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Biol Chem. .266(9):5670-5, 1991.
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| | 81. | Ashworth A, Kraft A. Cloning of a potentially soluble receptor for human GM-CSF. Nucleic Acids Res. .18(23):7178, 1990. PMCID: PMC332824
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| | 82. | William F, Wagner F, Karin M, Kraft AS. Multiple doses of diacylglycerol and calcium ionophore are necessary to activate AP-1 enhancer activity and induce markers of macrophage differentiation. J Biol Chem. .265(30):18166-71, 1990.
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| | 83. | Lilly M, Tompkins C, Brown C, Pettit G, Kraft A. Differentiation and growth modulation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by bryostatin. Cancer Res. .50(17):5520-5, 1990.
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| | 84. | Kraft AS, Wagner F, Housey GM. Overexpression of protein kinase C beta 1 is not sufficient to induce factor independence in the interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cell line FDC-P1. Oncogene. .5(8):1243-6, 1990.
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| | 85. | Fields AP, Pincus SM, Kraft AS, May WS. Interleukin-3 and bryostatin 1 mediate rapid nuclear envelope protein phosphorylation in growth factor-dependent FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells. A possible role for nuclear protein kinase C. J Biol Chem. .264(36):21896-901, 1989.
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| | 86. | Kraft AS, William F, Pettit GR, Lilly MB. Varied differentiation responses of human leukemias to bryostatin 1. Cancer Res. .49(5):1287-93, 1989.
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| | 87. | William F, Mroczkowski B, Cohen S, Kraft AS. Differentiation of HL-60 cells is associated with an increase in the 35-kDa protein lipocortin I. J Cell Physiol. .137(3):402-10, 1988.
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| | 88. | Kraft AS, Baker VV, May WS. Bryostatin induces changes in protein kinase C location and activity without altering c-myc gene expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Oncogene. .1(2):111-8, 1987.
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| | 89. | Kraft AS, Smith JB, Berkow RL. Bryostatin, an activator of the calcium phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, blocks phorbol ester-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .83(5):1334-8, 1986. PMCID: PMC323070
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| | 90. | Kraft AS, Anderson WB. Phorbol esters increase the amount of Ca2+, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase associated with plasma membrane. Nature. .301(5901):621-3, 1983.
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| | 91. | Kraft AS, Anderson WB, Cooper HL, Sando JJ. Decrease in cytosolic calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity following phorbol ester treatment of EL4 thymoma cells. J Biol Chem. .257(22):13193-6, 1982.
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